Analysis of Reference Range Values of Lipid Profile and Lipid Ratio in Healthy Young Adult Population in Makassar, Indonesia

Syamsir syamsir; Liong Boy  Kurniawan; Yuyun  Widaningsih; Burhanuddin  Bahar; Tenri  Esa; Andi Ariyandy

doi:10.55489/njcm.160620255002

Authors

Syamsir syamsir Master of Biomedical Sciences, Postgraduate Program, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Liong Boy Kurniawan Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Yuyun Widaningsih Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Burhanuddin Bahar Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Tenri Esa Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Andi Ariyandy Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.160620255002

Keywords:

Lipid profile, Lipid Ratio, Healthy young adults, Reference Range

Abstract

Background: Lipids are essential for energy, hormones, digestion, and cell structure. A reference range of population-specific lipid profiles is essential due to variations. This study aimed to determine reference ranges for lipid profiles and ratios in healthy young adults in Makassar, Indonesia, and to identify specific differences by gender.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 120 healthy young adults (61 females, 59 males) aged 20-40 years. Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) and ratios (cholesterol/HDL, LDL/HDL, triglycerides/HDL) were measured using spectrophotometry (Cobas C311). Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and reference ranges were established using 2.5-97.5 percentiles.

Results: The overall reference ranges were: cholesterol 133.02-254.75 mg/dL, LDL 73.00-181.82 mg/dL, HDL 23.02-62.97 mg/dL, triglycerides 34.02-319.90 mg/dL, cholesterol/HDL 2.57-8.52, LDL/HDL 1.34-6.13, and triglycerides/HDL 0.60-10.31. Gender-specific ranges showed: women (cholesterol 114.05-252.65 mg/dL, LDL 65.85-175.95 mg/dL, HDL 25.55-75.70 mg/dL, triglycerides 37.30-294.00 mg/dL, cholesterol/HDL 2.55-8.17, LDL/HDL 1.29-5.05, triglycerides/HDL 0. 59-9.64) and men (cholesterol 135.50-255.50 mg/dL, LDL 78.50-196.00 mg/dL, HDL 20.50-61.50 mg/dL, triglycerides 33.50-360.50 mg/dL, cholesterol/HDL 2.54-9.98, LDL/HDL 1.39-6.40, triglycerides/HDL 0.65-17.74).

Conclusion: This study established population-specific and gender-specific reference ranges for lipid profiles and ratios in healthy young adults in Makassar, Indonesia, providing valuable clinical data.

References

Dabas A, Yadav S, Gupta VK. Lipid profile and correlation to cardiac risk factors and cardiovascular function in type 1 adolescent diabetics from a developing country. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2014:513460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/513460 Epub 2014 May 12. PMID: 24899904; PMCID: PMC4036744.

Ference BA, Graham I, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL. Impact of Lipids on Cardiovascular Health: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Sep 4;72(10):1141-1156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.046 PMid:30165986

Dong J, Yang S, Zhuang Q, Sun J, Wei P, Zhao X, Chen Y, Chen X, Li M, Wei L, Chen C, Fan Y, Shen C. The Associations of Lipid Profiles With Cardiovascular Diseases and Death in a 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Nov 25;8:745539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.745539 PMid:34901209 PMCid:PMC8655628

Dayimu A, Wang C, Li J, Fan B, Ji X, Zhang T, Xue F. Trajectories of Lipids Profile and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Nov 5;8(21):e013479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013479 PMid:31630587 PMCid:PMC6898842

Sah MK, Yadav HS, Bishwakarma S, Paudel S. Evaluation of lipid profile and hematological parameters among patients attending Ram Janaki. 2024;12:58-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v12i02.68956

Arrobas Velilla T, Guijarro C, Campuzano Ruiz R, Rodríguez Piñero M, et al. Consensus document for lipid profile determination and reporting in Spanish clinical laboratories. What parameters should be included in a basic lipid profile? Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2023 Mar-Apr;35(2):91-100. English, Spanish. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2022.10.002. Epub 2023 Mar 14. PMID: 36925360.

Caselli C, Caterina R De, Smit JM, Campolo J, Mahdiui M El, Ragusa R, et al. Triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol predict coronary heart disease risk in patients with stable angina. Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 20;11(1):20714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00020-3 PMid:34671067 PMCid:PMC8528835

Hsu HY, Tsai MC, Yeh TL, Hsu LY, Hwang LC, Chien KL. Association of baseline as well as change in lipid levels with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause deaths. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 1;11(1):7381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86336-6 PMid:33795701 PMCid:PMC8016969

Manemann SM, Bielinski SJ, Moser ED, St Sauver JL, Takahashi PY, et al. Variability in Lipid Levels and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: An Electronic Health Record-Based Population Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Mar 7;12(5):e027639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.027639 PMid:36870945 PMCid:PMC10111433

Yu H, Li C, Guo M, Yang Y, Gui Z, Chang Y. Age- and Gender-Specific Reference Intervals for the Fasting Serum Lipid Levels in a Pediatric Population Aged 0 - 15 Years in Nanjing, China. 2024;1135-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.64270 PMid:38417901 PMCid:PMC11300788

Martínez-Marroquín Y, Meaney A, Samaniego-Méndez V, Nájera N, Ceballos G, Fernández-Barros C, Meaney E. The TG/HDL-c Lipid Ratio as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker in a Mexican Urban Middle-Class Population: Do We Need a Risk Score Tailored for Mexicans? J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 16;12(18):6005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12186005 PMid:37762944 PMCid:PMC10531773

Artha IMJR, Bhargah A, Dharmawan NK, Pande UW, et al. High level of individual lipid profile and lipid ratio as a predictive marker of poor glycemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2019 Jun 5;15:149-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S209830 PMid:31239693 PMCid:PMC6560183

Nurtya A, Tjempakasari A, Maimunah U, Sulistiawati, Subhawa Harsa IM. Hypertension and Lipid Profiles in Middle-Aged Male Patients: A Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana. 2023;59:321-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v59i4.49674

Singh SK, Aggarwal J, Katharina G, Manzoor S. Usefulness of the TG / HDL Ratio in Predicting Cardiovascular Risk : A MMIMSR Experience. 2020;22(2):75-9. https://www.jkscience.org/archives/volume222/7-Original%20Article.pdf

Millán J, Pintó X, Muñoz A, Zúñiga M, Rubiés-Prat J, et al. Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5:757-65. Epub 2009 Sep 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S6269 PMid:19774217 PMCid:PMC2747394

Yudin R, Makbul A, Rasyid H, Bakri S. Risk of Dyslipidemia in Obese Young Adult Subjects Measured by Various Obesity Indices. 2022;12(3):102-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem819

Rusdiah, W., Muhiddin, R. and Arif, M. Lipid profile analysis on regular and non-regular blood donors (Analisis Profil Lipid di Pendonor Darah Reguler dan Non-Reguler). Indonesian Journal Of Clinical Pathology And Medical Laboratory 2016; 23(1): 27–30. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v23i1.1180.

Juliaty A, Arief Y, Lisal JS, Daud D. Association between body fat percentage and lipid profile in obese children. Curr Pediatr Res 2018;22(1):77-81.

Balder JW, Vries JK De, Nolte IM, Lansberg PJ, Kuivenhoven JA, Kamphuisen PW. Lipid and lipoprotein reference values from 133450 Dutch Lifelines participants : Age- and gender-specific baseline lipid values and percentiles. J Clin Lipidol [Internet]. 2017;11(4):1055-1064.e6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.007 PMid:28697983

Ireshanavar DS, Shetty S, Rao A, Patil VS, Patil VP, Shilpasree AS. Establishment of Reference Intervals for Fasting and Nonfasting Serum Lipid Profile from Healthy Population. Indian J Med Biochem 2019;23(3):327–330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0124

Prameela CR, Nair BG, Shamha Beegum M Kezia Bless-inda R. Establishing reference intervals for lipid profile in healthy adult population of Ambalappuzha North Grama Pan-chayath, Alappuzha, Kerala. Intl J Sci Res. 2021;10(5):7-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/0505727

Mohammed O, Kassaw M, Befekadu E, G/Egzeabher L, Tolcha Y, Challa F, Kebede A, Ashebir G, Meles M, Hassen F, Zerfu B, Abera D, Belay A, Aboneh F, Hailu D, Abebe W, Desta K, Wolde M, Tsegaye A. Serum Lipid Profile and Electrolytes Reference Intervals for Apparently Healthy Children and Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Clin Lab Anal. 2024 Nov; 38(22): e25116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.25116 PMid:39431864 PMCid:PMC11584307

Shim YS, Baek JW, Kang MJ, Oh YJ, Yang S, Hwang IT. Reference Values for The Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Korean Children and Adolescents : The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2013. 2016;1334-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.35634 PMid:27373984 PMCid:PMC5221496