Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Indian Adolescents and Young Adults (10-24 Years): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associated Factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.170720266591Keywords:
Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempted, Adolescent, Young Adult, India, Systematic Review, Meta-AnalysisAbstract
Background: Although nationally synthesized figures are still scarce, suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents and young people in India constitute a significant public health concern.
Methods: In accordance with PRISMA 2020 standards, this systematic review and meta-analysis included observational studies that reported the prevalence of suicidal ideation or suicide attempt(s) among Indian people between the ages of 10 and 24 (PROSPERO: CRD420261339999). Up until March 2026, databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses examined heterogeneity, while random-effects meta-analysis combined prevalence and odds ratios.
Results: Thirty-three studies were considered (n = 26,093 for suicide attempts and n = 45,541 for suicidal ideation). Suicidal ideation was pooled at 23% (95% CI 16-32%, I²=99.5%) and suicide attempts at 3% (95% CI 2-6%, I²=96.8%). Highest ideation rates occurred in the Northeast (34%) and North (25%), with comparable burdens in school (26%) and college (25%) students. Prevalence increased with older age, more recent publication year, and smaller sample size. Key risk factors included female gender (OR 1.46), family issues (OR 2.34), mental health problems (OR 2.48), bullying (OR 2.34), academic stress, and poor academic performance. Evidence certainty was rated low using the GRADE approach.
Conclusion: Approximately one in four to five Indian adolescents reports suicidal ideation, with marked regional and methodological variation. Urgent, multi-sectoral prevention focusing on schools, families, mental health screening, and high-risk groups is essential to address this growing crisis.
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